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| flagborder = yes
| flagcaption = Flag of the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
| image = ADM Christopher W. Grady (2).jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| incumbent = [[Admiral (United States)|Admiral]] [[Christopher W. Grady]], [[United States Navy|USN]]
| acting = y
| incumbentsince = 21 February 2025
| department = [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]]<br>[[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]
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}}
The '''chairman<!-- "chairman" is uncapitalized as per [[MOS:JOBTITLES]]. Specifically, it is uncapitalized because it is preceded by the modifier "the" (see [[MOS:JOBTITLES]] bullet 3 and table column 2 example 1) --> of the Joint Chiefs of Staff''' ('''CJCS''') is the presiding officer of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]] (JCS). The chairman is the [[Chief of defence|highest-ranking]] and [[United States military seniority|most senior]] military officer in the [[United States Armed Forces]]<ref name="CJCS">{{USC|10|152}} Chairman: appointment; grade and rank</ref> and the principal military advisor to the [[President of the United States|president]], the [[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]],<ref name="fuctions of JCS">{{USC|10|151}} - Joint Chiefs of Staff: composition; functions</ref> the [[United States Homeland Security Council|Homeland Security Council]],<ref name="fuctions of JCS" /> and the [[United States Secretary of Defense|secretary of defense]].<ref name="fuctions of JCS"/><ref name="goldwater-nichols act">{{cite web|url=http://www.jcs.mil/page.aspx?id%3D29 |title=Joint Chiefs of Staff Official Web Site |access-date=2009-09-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514121825/http://www.jcs.mil/page.aspx?id=29 |archive-date=2011-05-14}} Goldwater–Nichols Act of 1986</ref> While the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff outranks all other commissioned officers, the chairman is prohibited by law from having [[National Command Authority (United States)|operational command authority]] over the armed forces; however, the chairman assists the president and the secretary of defense in exercising their command functions.<ref>{{USC|10|153}} - Chairman: functions</ref>
The chairman convenes the meetings and coordinates the efforts of the Joint Chiefs, an advisory body within the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] comprising the chairman, the [[Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff|vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]], the [[Chief of Staff of the United States Army|chief of staff of the Army]], the [[Commandant of the United States Marine Corps|commandant of the Marine Corps]], the [[Chief of Naval Operations|chief of naval operations]], the [[Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force|chief of staff of the Air Force]], the [[Chief of Space Operations|chief of space operations]], and the [[chief of the National Guard Bureau]].<ref name="fuctions of JCS" /> The post of a statutory and permanent Joint Chiefs of Staff chair was created by the 1949 amendments to the [[National Security Act of 1947]]. The 1986 [[Goldwater–Nichols Act]] elevated the chairman from the [[Primus inter pares|first among equals]] to becoming the "principal military advisor" to the president and the secretary of defense.
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The [[Joint Chiefs of Staff#Joint Staff|Joint Staff]], managed by the [[director of the Joint Staff]] and consisting of military personnel from all the services, assists the chairman in fulfilling his duties to the president and secretary of defense, and functions as a conduit and collector of information between the chairman and the [[combatant commander]]s. The [[National Military Command Center]] (NMCC) is part of the Joint Staff operations directorate (J-3).
Although the office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is considered very important and highly prestigious, neither the chairman, the vice chairman, nor the Joint Chiefs of Staff as a body has any command authority over combatant forces. The [[Goldwater–Nichols Act]] places the operational [[command hierarchy|chain of command]] from the
The chairman may also transmit communications to the combatant commanders from the president and secretary of defense<ref>{{USC|10|163}} - Role of Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff</ref> as well as allocate additional funding to the combatant commanders if necessary.<ref>{{USC|10|166a}} - Combatant commands: funding through the Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff</ref> The chairman also performs all other functions prescribed under {{UnitedStatesCode|10|153}} or allocates those duties and responsibilities to other officers in the joint staff.
The position has been vacant since 21 February 2025, when President [[Donald Trump]]
==Organization and assistants==
[[File:Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld with Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General George S. Brown.jpg|left|thumb|JCS chairman General [[George Scratchley Brown]] with Secretary of Defense [[Donald Rumsfeld]] during testimony before the [[United States Senate Committee on Armed Services|Senate Armed Services Committee]] on January 15, 1976.]]
The principal deputy to the chairman is the [[Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff|vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] (VCJCS), another four-star general or admiral, who, among many duties, chairs the [[Joint Requirements Oversight Council]] (JROC).
The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is assisted by the [[Joint Staff]], led by the [[director of the Joint Staff]], a three-star general or admiral. The [[Joint Staff]] is an organization composed of approximately equal numbers of officers contributed by the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Space Force who have been assigned to assist the chairman with the unified strategic direction, operation, and integration of the combatant land, naval, air, and space forces. The [[National Military Command Center]] (NMCC) is part of the Joint Staff operations directorate (J-3).
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The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is also advised on enlisted personnel matters by the [[Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman|senior enlisted advisor to the chairman]], who serves as a communication conduit between the chairman and the senior enlisted advisors ([[Sergeant major#United States Army|command sergeants major]], [[Command Master Chief Petty Officer|command master chief petty officers]], and [[Command Chief Master Sergeant#Command Chief Master Sergeant|command chief master sergeants]]) of the combatant commands.
== Establishment of the CJCS position ==
The [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]] (JCS) was established by the Joint Chiefs of Staff Act of 1942, which was signed into law on July 1, 1942. This act formalized the advisory body consisting of the senior military leaders of the Army, Navy, and later the Air Force, to assist the president and the [[Secretary of War|secretary of war]] (later the [[Secretary of Defense|secretary of defense]]) with coordinating military strategy during [[World War II]].<ref name=JCS>{{cite web |accessdate=2025-02-23 |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/218.html
[[Fleet admiral (United States)|Fleet Admiral]] [[William D. Leahy]], [[United States Navy|USN]], served as the chief of staff to the commander in chief of the Army and Navy from 20 July 1942 to 21 March 1949. He presided over meetings of what was called the Joint Chiefs of Staff,<ref name="life1942100595">{{cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UUAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA95 |title=Washington Eats |magazine=Life |date=1942-10-05 |access-date=2011-11-20 |pages=95}}</ref> and Leahy's office was the precursor to the post of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.▼
|title=Administrative History |work=Records of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff [JCS] |date=1995 |publisher=archive.gov}}</ref>
Before the establishment of the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), military leadership was more decentralized, with the service chiefs coordinating independently. The JCS existed as a body of senior military leaders, but no single officer held the position of chairman. Instead, leadership was shared, and the group advised the president and the secretary of defense on military matters.
▲[[Fleet admiral (United States)|Fleet Admiral]] [[William D. Leahy]]
The position of CJCS was formally established by an August 10, 1949 amendment<ref name=1949-Amend>{{cite web |accessdate=2025-02-23 |url=https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/document/28655-document-11-national-security-act-amendments-1949-10-august-1949 |title=National Security Act Amendments of 1949, 10 August 1949 |date=10 August 1949
|publisher=National Security Archive}} (63 Stat. 578)</ref> to the [[National Security Act of 1947]] ({{usc|50|44}}),<ref name=Cornell50-44>{{cite web |accessdate=2025-02-23 |date=July 26, 1947 |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/50/chapter-44 |title=50 U.S. Code Chapter 44 - National Security |publisher=Cornell Law School}}</ref> which restructured the U.S. military after World War II. The first individual to hold the title of Chairman was General [[Omar Bradley]], who was appointed in 1949.
==Appointment and rank==
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Although the first chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, [[Omar Bradley]], was eventually awarded a fifth star, the CJCS does not receive one by right, and Bradley's award was so that his subordinate, [[General of the Army (United States)|General of the Army]] [[Douglas MacArthur]], would not outrank him.<ref name=AP>{{cite news |title=Higher rank not in the stars for nation's top generals |first=Jim |last=Abrams |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xDkpAAAAIBAJ&pg=7013,1927407&dq=omar-bradley+fifth-star+not+for+chairman&hl=en |agency=Associated Press |date=1991-03-22 |quote=Bradley received his fifth star in 1950 when he became chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff so he would not be outranked by MacArthur.}}</ref><ref name=Brassey>{{cite book |last1=Tillman |first1=Barrett |title=Brassey's D-Day encyclopedia: the Normandy invasion A-Z |url=https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_v2r2 |url-access=registration |access-date=2011-02-22 |year=2004 |publisher=Brassey's |isbn=978-1-57488-760-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_v2r2/page/48 48] |quote=MacArthur, having been army chief of staff before World War II, was senior to everyone on the Joint Chiefs, and some observers felt that Bradley was given his fifth star in order to deal with the vainglorious field commander on an equal footing.}}</ref> In the 1990s, there were proposals in [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] academic circles to bestow on the chairman a five-star rank.<ref name=IFA>{{cite conference |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HgoJAQAAMAAJ&q=%22five+star%22 |title=Organizing for National Security: The Role of the Joint Chiefs of Staff |date=January 1986 |publisher=Institute for Foreign Analysis |page=11 |isbn=9780895490742 |access-date=2011-02-21 |quote=There was some discussion of the proposal to grant the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs five-star rank, as a symbol of his status as the most senior officer in the armed forces.}}</ref><ref name=Jones>{{cite report |last=Jones |first=Logan |date=February 2000 |title=Toward the Valued Idea of Jointness: The Need for Unity of Command in U.S. Armed Forces |website=Defense Technical Information Center |page=2 |publisher=Naval War College |format=PDF |id=ADA378445 |access-date=2011-02-21 |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA378445 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601064250/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA378445 |url-status=live |archive-date=1 June 2022 |quote=Promoting the Chairman to the five-star rank and ceding to him operational and administrative control of all U.S. Armed Forces would enable him to provide a unifying vision... }}</ref><ref name=Owsley>{{cite report |last=Owsley |first=Robert Clark |date=June 1997 |title=Goldwater-Nichols Almost Got It Right: A Fifth Star for the Chairman |page=14 |publisher=Naval War College |format=PDF |id=ADA328220 |access-date=2011-02-21 |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA328220 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917075250/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA328220 |url-status=live |archive-date=2021-09-17 |quote=...Chairman's title be changed to Commander of the Armed Forces and commensurate with the title and authority he be assigned the grade of five stars. }}</ref>
Previously, during the
In October 1962,
==Pay==
|accessdate=2025-02-23|url=https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title37-section414&num=0&edition=prelim#:~:text=1794%20%2C%20provided%20that:%20%22The%20amendments%20made,that%20date.%22%20Effective%20Date%20of%202014%20Amendment|title=37 USC 414: Personal money allowance|date=December 22, 2024|publisher=uscode.house.gov}}</ref>
==List of chairmen==
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| term_start = 1 October 1960
| term_end = 30 September 1962
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1960|9|30|1962|
| defence_branch = [[File:Mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Army|U.S. Army]]
| alt_officeholder = [[Thomas S. Gates]]
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| term_start = 1 October 1962
| term_end = 1 July 1964
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1962|
| defence_branch = [[File:Mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Army|U.S. Army]]
| alt_officeholder = [[Robert McNamara]]
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| term_start = 3 July 1964
| term_end = 2 July 1970
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1964|
| defence_branch = [[File:Mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Army|U.S. Army]]
| alt_officeholder = [[Robert McNamara]]
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| term_start = 2 July 1970
| term_end = 1 July 1974
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1970|
| defence_branch = [[File:Emblem of the United States Navy.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]]
| alt_officeholder = [[Melvin Laird]]
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| term_start = 1 July 1974
| term_end = 20 June 1978
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1974|
| defence_branch = [[File:U.S. Air Force service mark.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]]
| alt_officeholder = [[James R. Schlesinger]]
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| term_start = 21 June 1978
| term_end = 18 June 1982
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1978|
| defence_branch = [[File:U.S. Air Force service mark.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]]
| alt_officeholder = [[Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense)|Harold Brown]]
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| term_start = 18 June 1982
| term_end = 30 September 1985
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1982|
| defence_branch = [[File:Mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Army|U.S. Army]]
| alt_officeholder = [[Caspar Weinberger]]
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| term_start = 1 October 1985
| term_end = 30 September 1989
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1985|10|
| defence_branch = [[File:Emblem of the United States Navy.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]]
| alt_officeholder = [[Caspar Weinberger]]
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| term_start = 1 October 1989
| term_end = 30 September 1993
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1989|10|
| defence_branch = [[File:Mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Army|U.S. Army]]
| alt_officeholder = [[Dick Cheney]]
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| term_start = 1 October 1993
| term_end = 24 October 1993
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1993|10|
| acting = y
| defence_branch = [[File:Emblem of the United States Navy.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]]
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| term_start = 25 October 1993
| term_end = 30 September 1997
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1993|10|24|1997|
| defence_branch = [[File:Mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Army|U.S. Army]]
| alt_officeholder = [[Les Aspin]]
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| term_start = 1 October 1997
| term_end = 30 September 2001
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1997|10|
| defence_branch = [[File:Mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Army|U.S. Army]]
| alt_officeholder = [[William Cohen]]
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| term_start = 1 October 2001
| term_end = 30 September 2005
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2001|10|
| defence_branch = [[File:U.S. Air Force service mark.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]]
| alt_officeholder = [[Donald Rumsfeld]]
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| term_start = 1 October 2005
| term_end = 30 September 2007
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2005|10|1|2007|
| defence_branch = [[File:Emblem of the United States Marine Corps.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]]
| alt_officeholder = [[Donald Rumsfeld]]
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| term_start = 1 October 2007
| term_end = 30 September 2011
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2007|10|1|2011|
| defence_branch = [[File:Emblem of the United States Navy.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]]
| alt_officeholder = [[Robert Gates]]
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| term_start = 1 October 2011
| term_end = 30 September 2015
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2011|10|1|2015|
| defence_branch = [[File:Mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Army|U.S. Army]]
| alt_officeholder = [[Leon Panetta]]
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| term_start = 1 October 2015
| term_end = 30 September 2019
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2015|10|
| defence_branch = [[File:Emblem of the United States Marine Corps.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]]
| alt_officeholder = [[Ash Carter]]
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| term_start = 1 October 2019
| term_end = 30 September 2023
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2019|10|
| defence_branch = [[File:Mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Army|U.S. Army]]
| alt_officeholder = [[Mark Esper]]
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| term_start = 1 October 2023
| term_end = 21 February 2025
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2023|10|
| defence_branch = [[File:U.S. Air Force service mark.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]]
| alt_officeholder = [[Lloyd Austin]]
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| cabinet = [[Joe Biden]]
| cabinet2 = [[Donald Trump]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = −
| image = ADM Christopher W. Grady (2).jpg
| military_rank = Admiral
| officeholder = [[Christopher W. Grady]]
| officeholder_sort = Grady, Christopher W.
| officeholder_note =
| born_year = 1962
| died_year =
| term_start = 21 February 2025
| term_end = ''Incumbent''
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|2025|2|21|}}
| acting = y
| defence_branch = [[File:Emblem of the United States Navy.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]]
| alt_officeholder = [[Pete Hegseth]]
| cabinet = [[Donald Trump]]
}}
{{Officeholder table end}}
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bar:milley from:2019 till:2023 color:cjcs text:"[[Mark Milley|Milley]]"
bar:browncq from:2020 till:2023 color:csaf
bar:browncq from:2023 till:
}}
| |||